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The Language – Part 2

Coptic Phrases

𓂋 𓁛 𓁐 𓀀 𓁟

Content

    The Alphabet 🔗

    A Concise Coptic Morphology 🔗

  1. Introductory Phrases
  2. Modal Constructions

Notes on orthography
  1. Separate spelling applies between prepositions (and the object markers ⲛ and ⲙ) and the following word. Exceptions are ligatures.
  2. In compound verbs, a hyphen (-) connects the two parts of the word, i.e. after the action verb there is a hyphen: ⲉⲣ-ⲛⲟϥⲣⲓ, ϭⲓ-ⲥⲙⲟⲧ.
  3. A hyphen can follow a verb in status nominalis.
  4. There is a hyphen between the conjugation prefix and the nominal expression: ⲁ-ⲫⲣⲱⲙⲓ ϣⲉ.
  5. There is a hyphen after a circumstantial converter: ⲉ-ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲏϣ ⲙ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ.
  6. Greek vocabulary is rendered exactly according to ancient Greek orthography (Koine Greek).

malespoken to a male person
femalespoken to a female person
bothspoken to several persons

I. INTRODUCTORY PHRASES
ⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ.Hello! – Salve!
Good bye!
ⲛⲁⲛⲉ-ⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩⲓ.Good morning!
ⲛⲁⲛⲉ-ⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ.Good day!
ⲛⲁⲛⲉ-ⲣⲟⲩϩⲓ.Good evening!
ⲛⲁⲛⲉ-ⲉϫⲱⲣϩ.Good night!
maleⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕ.
femaleⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲉⲙⲉ.
bothⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲉⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ.		God is with you!
ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ-ⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲟⲩⲱϣ.If God wills!
maleⲁϣ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲏϯ, ⲡⲁⲙⲉⲛⲣⲓⲧ;
femaleⲁϣ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲣⲏϯ, ⲧⲁⲙⲉⲛⲣⲓϯ;		How are you, darling?
ϯⲟⲩⲟϫ. ϯϣⲉⲡϩⲙⲟⲧ.I’m fine, thank you!
ϯⲟⲕⲉⲙ.I feel bad.
maleⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲛ;
femaleⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲣⲁⲛ;		What’s your name?
ⲙⲉⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲛ.My name’s Menamūn.
maleⲟⲩ ⲧⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲓⲟⲡⲏ;
femaleⲟⲩ ⲧⲉ ⲧⲉⲓⲟⲡⲏ;		What is your profession?
ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲥⲁϧ.I am a poet.
maleⲁⲕⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲏⲣ ⲛ ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ;
femaleⲁⲣⲉⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲏⲣ ⲛ ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ;		How old are you?
ϯⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲙⲉ ⲛ ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ.I am 40 years of age.
maleⲛⲑⲟⲕ ⲟⲩⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲁϣ ⲛ ⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲛⲑⲟⲕ;
femaleⲛⲑⲟ ⲟⲩⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲁϣ ⲛ ⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲛⲑⲟ;		What country are you from?
ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲟⲩⲣⲉⲙⲛⲁⲩⲥⲧⲣⲓⲁ.I am Austrian.
maleⲁⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ;
femaleⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ;		Do you speak Egyptian?
ⲁϩⲁ.
ⲥⲉ.		Yes.
ⲙⲙⲟⲛ.No.
  1. “must” & “have to”
ϩⲱϯ
ϩⲱϯ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲥϫⲱⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛϫⲉ ϯⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ.The scripture has to be fulfilled.
ϩⲱϯ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ.You must see her.
ϩⲱϯ ⲉⲣⲟ ⲡⲉ ⲉ ⲑⲣⲉⲕⲙⲟⲩⲛ.You have to stay.
ⲁⲛⲁⲅⲕⲏ & ⲟⲩⲁⲛⲁⲅⲕⲁⲓⲟⲛ & ⲭⲣⲉⲓⲁ
ⲁⲛⲁⲅⲕⲏ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲓ ⲛϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲥⲕⲁⲛⲇⲁⲗⲟⲛ.For it is necessary that temptations come.
ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲅⲕⲏ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉ ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲟϯ.You must obey your fathers.
ⲟⲩⲁⲛⲁⲅⲕⲁⲓⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲉ ⲑⲣⲉⲛⲙⲟⲩⲛ.We have to stay.
ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲉⲧⲉⲣ-ⲭⲣⲉⲓⲁ ⲉ ϭⲓ-ⲱⲙⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲧⲕ.I must be baptized by you.
  1. “can” & “be able”
ⲟⲩⲟⲛϣϫⲟⲙ & ⲙⲙⲟⲛϣϫⲟⲙ
ⲟⲩⲟⲛϣϫⲟⲙ ⲙⲙⲟ ⲉ ⲙⲟⲩⲛ.You can stay.
ⲙⲙⲟⲛϣϫⲟⲙ ⲙⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉ ⲥⲱ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲓⲁⲫⲟⲧ.You cannot drink from this cup.
ⲡⲱⲥ ⲟⲩⲟⲛϣϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲙⲉⲥ-ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛ ⲕⲉⲥⲟⲡ;How can a person be reborn?
ϫⲉ ⲛⲉ-ⲙⲙⲟⲛϣϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲥⲉⲁⲙⲁϩⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ.For he couldn’t be held.
the infix -ϣ-
ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉ-ϩⲗⲓ ϣϧⲉⲧϧⲱⲧϥ.Nobody can explore him.
ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲑⲛⲁϣϣⲉ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲧⲱⲟⲩ;Who can climb the mountain?
ⲁⲣⲁ ⲉⲣⲉ-ϣⲟⲩⲭⲁⲕⲓ ϩⲱⲙⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲓ;Will darkness be able to come over me?
ϯⲛⲁϣϣⲉ ⲉⲙⲁⲩ ⲁⲛ.I will not be able to go there.
ⲉⲙⲓ
ϯⲉⲙⲓ ⲛ ⲛⲏⲃⲓ.I can swim.
ϯⲉⲙⲓ ⲙ ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲛⲕⲏⲙⲓ.I can speak Egyptian.
  1. “want to”
Optativus
ⲉⲓⲉⲭⲁⲕ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛⲛⲓϣϯ.I want to put you above many things.
ⲟⲩⲱϣ
ϯⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲣⲉⲕⲣⲓⲕⲓ.I want to sleep.
ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ϣⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ.He wanted to go.
  1. “should” & “may”
Optativus
ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲕⲉⲑⲁⲙⲓⲟ ⲛ ϯⲕⲓⲃⲱⲧⲟⲥ.And this is how you are to make the ark.
ⲛⲛⲉⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ.You shall not kill.
ⲥϣⲉ & ⲥⲉⲙⲡϣⲁ
ⲁⲛ ⲥϣⲉ ⲛ ⲉⲣ-ⲫⲁϧⲣⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲟⲛ;Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath?
ⲥϣⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲙⲁϩ-ⲛⲓⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ.God’s holy places must not be filled with bad people.
ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲥⲉⲙⲡϣⲁ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲉ ⲑⲣⲓⲙⲟⲩⲛ.But I should stay.
ⲥⲉⲙⲡϣⲁ ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲉⲙⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ.We should know.

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